Fragility curves and seismic demand hazard analysis of rocking walls restrained with elasto?plastic ties

The dynamic stability of out-of-plane masonry walls can be assessed through non-linear analysis (rocking analysis), accounting for transverse walls, horizontal diaphragms and tie-rods. Steel tie-rods are widely spread in historical constructions to prevent dangerous overturning mechanisms simulated by proper elasto-plastic models. Conventionally, design guidelines suggest intensity-based assessment methods, where the seismic demand distribution directly depends upon selected intensity measure level. Fragility could also employed as a more advanced procedure able assess vulnerability probabilistic manner. boundedness this approach is herein overcome applying robust stochastic performance obtain hazard curves. A sensitivity study carried out account influence wall geometry, minimum number inputs, mechanical parameters analysis, prior applied on over 6000 analyses, revealing that measures poorly correlated both 1-D 2-D correlation, hardly leading selection optimal measure. tie-rod ductility, followed its axial strength size, parameter mostly influencing results, whereas slenderness does not play significant role response.